Category of fertilizers Depending on the fertilization method and fertilizer composition, they can be classified into three groups. Mineral fertilizers They contain key elements such as phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, and others. Each component plays a specific role in plant development. There are different methods of applying mineral fertilizers, including surface and soil fertilization. Using a cultivator with undersowing for soil fertilization is gaining popularity due to its benefits.

Natural fertilizers
They primarily originate from animal excrement and are rich in organic components.
Manure is one of the oldest and most popular natural fertilizers, deriving from the excrements of animals such as cattle, horses, and pigs. It enriches the soil with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients and microelements. Adding manure to the soil stimulates the activity of soil microorganisms, which accelerate the decomposition of manure and the transformation of organic matter. Incorporating manure into the soil promptly after application helps minimize nitrogen losses through volatilization. All models of Rolmako disc harrows are highly effective for this purpose.

Liquid manure is derived from storing animal excrements in water. Liquid manure offers numerous nutrients and is quickly absorbed by plants. As a liquid form of farm animal excrements, it not only provides the soil with nutrients but also enhances its structure and microbiological activity. Soil application of liquid manure with an applicator is a modern and efficient fertilization method, minimizing nutrient losses and reducing environmental impact. Unlike traditional methods of spreading liquid manure on the soil surface, soil application introduces liquid manure directly into the soil, preventing ammonia escape and increasing fertilization efficiency. The U693 disc harrow equipped with a Vogelsang liquid manure applicator is Rolmako's solution for this specific task.

Organic fertilizers
Compost it is produced through the composting of plant residues, which are organic matter decomposed by bacteria and other microorganisms at various stages of decomposition. Compost is rich in nutrients and microorganisms that support soil health. It is important for farmers to recognize the need to work in farming systems where plant residues are not deeply buried, such as in no-plough farming. Stubble residues that are deeply buried in the soil lack access to oxygen and sunlight. In such conditions, the decomposition processes of plant residues by microorganisms occur anaerobically, which is less efficient than decomposition in the presence of oxygen.

Biohumus this fertilizer is produced by earthworms and is particularly rich in microorganisms and nutrients. It is a metabolic product created from garden waste, soil, and compost processed by earthworms. It is an extremely valued and widely used natural fertilizer that improves the utility value of the land. Therefore, it is essential to care for earthworms and avoid over-cultivating the soil, employing no-plough methods that preserve soil organisms, processing, and fertilizing it.

Fertilization schedules using mineral fertilizers
Depending on the stage of plant growth and agricultural techniques, various types of fertilization can be identified:
- pre-sowing fertilization involves applying fertilizers to the soil before sowing. Common practices such as ploughing or harrowing prepare the soil for this process, enhancing nutrient and seed absorption.
- fertilization during sowing: in this method, fertilizer is applied simultaneously with the seeds
- fertilization during the growing season: here, liquid fertilizers are primarily used, which are sprayed directly onto young plants using field sprayers. It is crucial that the fertilizer is properly diluted to avoid plant damage.
- fertilization post-germination - applied during plant germination to promote intensive growth and root development.

Methods of fertilizing soil with mineral fertilizers
Fertilization with mineral fertilizers is a crucial aspect of agricultural management, designed to supply plants with essential nutrients. Various methods exist for applying mineral fertilizers, categorized into surface and soil fertilization. The choice of method is influenced by multiple factors, including the type of fertilizer, soil type, the crop being cultivated, and weather conditions.

1. Surface fertilization:
- involves the application of mineral fertilizer on the field surface
- offers expedited and less labor-intensive application compared to soil fertilization
- risk of rapid nitrogen evaporation with certain fertilizers, such as urea
- potentially less effective in dry conditions due to insufficient nutrient penetration to plant roots

2. Soil fertilization with a cultivator with undersowing:
- fertilizer application occurs below the soil surface to a specific depth, delivering nutrients directly to the plant root zone
- lower risk of nitrogen and other nutrients evaporation
- promotes efficient use of fertilizer by plants, reducing losses from leaching
- enhances soil structure through the action of the cultivator, promoting better plant rooting
- may be more labor-intensive and requires specialist equipment, but the benefits for plants and soil often outweigh these inconveniences
- fertilizer can be placed at two depths simultaneously, known as mixed fertilization.

Tillage and fertilizer cultivator from Rolmako
Utilizing a no-plough cultivator equipped with coulters for soil fertilization provides numerous advantages. By introducing fertilizer directly into the root zone, plants absorb the supplied nutrients more quickly and efficiently. Additionally, this method mitigates environmental impact by minimizing the risk of nutrient leaching into groundwater or nitrogen escaping into the atmosphere. When planning soil fertilization, accurately determining fertilizer doses, adjusting the cultivator's working depth, and regularly checking and calibrating the equipment are crucial.

How does the soil slurry applicator function
The slurry applicator is a specialized device mounted on equipment such as the U693 compact disc harrow. It comprises a set of nozzles or hoses that inject slurry directly beneath the ground surface to a specified depth. The soil application of slurry with an applicator is increasingly popular in many countries for its environmental and economic benefits. In a single pass, a slurry tanker connected to a Rolmako disc harrow, equipped with a Vogelsang applicator, injects slurry to the designated depth. However, to maximize the benefits of this method, it is crucial to use it correctly, regularly service and inspect the applicator, and adjust fertilizer dosages according to the needs of the plants and soil properties. Properly utilized, slurry fertilization can be a valuable source of nutrients for plants and contribute to sustainable and diversified soil management.

Summary
Fertilization is a crucial element in the cultivation process, impacting both the quality and quantity of crops. Properly planned fertilization offers numerous benefits, including higher yields, better crop quality, and improved soil structure. However, excessive or inappropriate fertilization can result in soil degradation, nutrient leaching into groundwater, or nitrogen evaporation into the atmosphere. Various methods and types of fertilization are tailored to the specific needs of plants, soil types, and climatic conditions. Consulting an agronomist or agricultural advisor is often beneficial. Many countries have specialists who provide advice on cultivation, fertilization, and plant care. Such experts can be found at local agricultural extension centers, agricultural universities, or agricultural advisory companies. Adhering to recommended techniques and fertilizers is essential for healthy and abundant harvests. In summary, fertilization is a critical activity in agriculture aimed at maximizing crop yield and quality. Selecting the appropriate type and amount of fertilizer, according to plant needs and soil characteristics, is paramount.